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The Spanish-speaking island, slightly smaller than the Indian state of Tripura, is located in the Caribbean Sea, about 1, km southeast of the US state of Florida. Since its discovery by the explorer Christopher Columbus in , Puerto Rico was a part of the Spanish Empire for over 4 centuries until , when it was annexed by the United States.
Like its counterparts, Puerto Rico gets only one member in the House of Representatives, the lower chamber of the US Congress— but who has no voting power. Puerto Ricans also cannot vote in US presidential elections. Proponents of statehood argue that Puerto Rico—whose population at 31 lakhs is more than 21 US states, and whose residents have served in all the wars that the US has been involved in since World War I— should have rights at par with the other 50 states.
However, not everyone is entirely on board. Since the 19th century, the island has had an ongoing independence movement— first against Spain and then the US— whose adherents believe that Puerto Rico should be a sovereign nation. At the same time, many also want Puerto Rico to continue as a commonwealth— the status of the island since Statehood, though, is currently the most popular option. In the past 6 decades, the island has had 6 referendums where voters were asked to choose between independence, commonwealth or statehood.
All these split tickets reflect a broader political upheaval taking place in Puerto Rico after a rocky half-decade. Discontent with Puerto Rican leadership, aggravated by the fiscal austerity imposed by a Washington-controlled federal board, culminated last year in massive protests. A chaotic primary pitted its Republican- and Democrat-aligned factions against each other. All the drama and corruption seems to have left many statehood supporters in Puerto Rico fed up with the New Progressive Party, and politics in general.
By the election, new parties with clearer ideological offerings — like the progressive, populist Citizen Victory Movement and the right-wing, religiously based Dignity Project — had cropped up. Those proposals would then be negotiated with Congress and voted on by the Puerto Rican electorate.
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