This cargo was probably stored in the lower decks of the ship in one large, open storage area. There were no windows on this deck because windows might let in seawater that would ruin the cargo. A little water would leak in anyway, though, so this area was always cold, damp and dark.
The storage decks had very low ceilings. The ship had low-ceilinged decks to make it safer and to save space for the decks where the sailors lived. A ship that was too tall might tip over or sink.
The crew sailors and officers of the ship lived on the upper decks. In , there were about crewmembers on Mayflower. The Master , in charge of sailing the ship, was Christopher Jones. He probably had his quarters , or living space, at the stern the back of the ship. This was the driest and most comfortable area on the ship. The common sailors , or regular workers, had their quarters at the front of the ship, or bow , in a room called the forecastle.
It was in a part of the ship constantly hit by waves, so it was always wet and cold. The sailors would have to get used to the swaying and pitching of the ship because it was at its strongest here. There were also officers on Mayflower. They were responsible for sailing and navigating the ship. They probably lived in the space between the Master and the common sailors.
Where did the passengers live on Mayflower? The ship carried men, women and children passengers on its only trip to New England. The agreement first called the Mayflower Compact in was a legal instrument that bound the Pilgrims together when they arrived in New England. The core members of the Pilgrims' immigrant group were Separatists, members of a Puritan sect that had split from the Church of England, the only legal church in England at that time.
The Mayflower II was built in England. It was made by hand, the same way we think the original Mayflower was built. It sailed across the Atlantic to Massachusetts. Ordinarily, the ship only leaves the dock twice a year, once when it is turned around so it weathers evenly on each side and then when it is taken out of the water to be repaired.
That is when Russ took the pictures that are in On the Mayflower. What did the dogs on the Mayflower eat and where did they go to the bathroom? In the two existing accounts of the voyage of the Mayflower , there is no mention of dogs. It is certainly likely that dogs and other animals arrived on later ships. It is important to remember that many ships traveled across the Atlantic Ocean to North America. But the Mayflower was the first to bring permanent colonists to present-day Massachusetts.
How many people were on the Mayflower? How did they bathe and what did they eat? There were passengers aboard and about 30 crew and sailors. The 'tween decks, where the passengers lived for 66 days, was very crowded. There was no privacy to bathe. As long as fresh water lasted, people probably washed their faces and hands and scrubbed their teeth to keep as clean as possible.
The passengers and crew ate different things at different stages of the voyage. In the beginning, when there was fresh food and calm seas, they most likely ate stews made of meat and vegetables. When the storms came, no one could light cooking fires. Then, people ate hard biscuits, dried meat and fish, and drank ale or water if there was any left.
Because the journey was longer than expected, food supplies were very low when the ship anchored. During the months when the passengers lived on the ship while they built their houses, many people died of malnutrition. Did the Pilgrims fish from the Mayflower , and if so, did they use hook and lines or nets? We don't know for sure. The sailors and crew probably fished when they had free time, but there was not a lot of spare time. Sailing a ship like the Mayflower takes many hands around the clock.
About how many people died, and of what? Only one person died while the ship was under sail. His name was William Burton. He was a servant of Deacon Samuel Fuller. By the way, a child was born on the voyage. He was named Oceanus Hopkins. Did the Mayflower sail through icy water? The Mayflower sailed across the Atlantic Ocean in fall and early winter.
The water was certainly very cold, but there were no icebergs. Who was the first Pilgrim child born after the Mayflower arrived? Peregrine White was the first child born after the Mayflower came to anchor in Plymouth Harbor. He was the son of William and Susanna White. There was a baby born while the ship was at sea. What happened to the Mayflower after the Pilgrims arrived? The ship stayed in the harbor for five months while the settlers built their homes.
The settlers lived on the ship during that time. On April 5, , the Mayflower set sail for England. It did not sail to North America again. What did they use for light on board the ship? Lanterns fueled by oil and candles. Was it hard to sleep at night on the Mayflower? I can only imagine how noisy the ship was. I think there were creaking sounds, sounds of metal fittings clanking against each other, the voices of crew members giving orders and reporting to their supervisors, and, of course, the sound of the sea.
It is hardly ever quiet on the ocean. Also, keep in mind that the passengers were probably very, very tired all the time. Since it was often hard to tell what time of day it was, perhaps people slept whenever they could.
Top of Page. Create a List. List Name Save. Rename this List. Rename this list. List Name Delete from selected List. Save to. Save to:. To dispute that rule was a dangerous path ending in prosecution. This was especially foreboding for Separatists. The leading religious Separatists who voyaged to America in mostly originated from an area where modern-day Nottinghamshire, Yorkshire and Lincolnshire meet.
Regarded as dangerous renegades who rejected fundamental principles of the State and the established Church of England, they worshipped in secret to avoid arrest and persecution. Among them was William Brewster, who was brought up in the village of Scrooby in north Nottinghamshire.
Inspired by the radical words of Richard Clifton, the rector of nearby All Saints' Church in Babworth , Brewster is believed to have founded a Separatist Church in his family home - the manor house at Scrooby.
When the Separatists landed in America, Bradford went on to become a Governor of the Plymouth Colony, serving for more than 30 years. Bradford was baptised St Helena's church where the original font can be seen today. Heavily influenced by leading Pilgrim William Brewster, he was a sickly young orphan when they first met, but grew into a passionate religious radical. A similar group had long been growing in the nearby town of Gainsborough in Lincolnshire, drawing members from surrounding villages.
As the authorities intensified their crackdown on the Separatists, the two groups decided to flee England for Holland — seen as a liberal nation where they could live peacefully. But the captain of a ship betrayed them and the local militia seized the group and took their money, books and personal possessions. Stripped of their belongings and hope, the group were brought by boat back to Boston and held and tried at the Guildhall, home to the local law court and cells.
They were eventually freed and made a second, successful attempt at fleeing to Holland — this time from the coastal town of Immingham in Lincolnshire.
They settled in the city of Leiden via Amsterdam. Leiden was a city of free-thinkers, relative religious tolerance, and a long tradition of offering shelter to the dispossessed.
They built a life in Leiden, living and working here for 12 years. They built land near the spectacular Pieterskerk church and built houses in what is today known as the Engelse poort English Alley.
Many worked in the textile industry and similar trades — but it was hard work and a challenging life. Here he produced dissident pamphlets that were smuggled into England for distribution. Eventually the time in a foreign land took its toll and the group started to plan a journey to a new land to start again. They wanted to find a place completely free of limitations where they could build a better economic future.
They had been living in small houses with big families — and were becoming poor. More than half of the group stayed though and fully integrated into Dutch life. Leiden had a profound influence on the lives of the Pilgrims - even after their departure. The concept of civil marriage was one innovation they took with them. Virginia in America was an attractive destination because several colonies had already settled there. However, they also felt that they should not settle too near and end up with a similar environment to which they originally fled.
The Separatists worked with their counterparts in England to fund and organise the journey — which had to make commercial sense.
They negotiated with merchants in London and convinced them that funding their journey would see a return on investment thanks to the goods they would be able to send back to England.
They also needed permission to land in Virginia and establish a colony. The Mayflower would sail from the port of Rotherhithe in London, carrying many there for work in the new land, who simply wanted to build a new life, crew and servants.
Rotherhithe was home to many of the crew including the Mayflower's Captain Christopher Jones. The plan was to meet the Mayflower in Southampton before heading off together across the Atlantic.
Southampton was a thriving seaport offering all the commercial facilities to provision and equip for the long sea voyage. Many of the buildings and streets familiar to the passengers then still exist. When the two ships met in the port there were concerns about the Speedwell though, which needed repairs after developing a leak. But on 15th August the two ships weighed anchor and set sail from Southampton.
It may have been because she carried too much sail, straining her timbers, or the direct result of sabotage by a reluctant crew. They changed course for Dartmouth , a port on the south coast of Devon. Unfortunately, the second attempt did not go as hoped either. The two boats turned about for Plymouth. By this time, the cramped, damp and miserable passengers had already spent up to six weeks at sea. With a fair wind and good fortune, they would have hoped to be nearing America by then.
The Speedwell was finally declared unfit for the journey. Some of the Pilgrims dropped out. The remainder crowded onto the Mayflower, which required re-provisioning, despite funds running low. They left Plymouth on 16 th September , with up to 30 crew and passengers on board.
Just under half of them were Separatists, or Saints. They used the name Saints as a way to indicate that they were part of a particular group with a certain set of beliefs. The rest were known as Strangers, as this is how the Saints viewed all others outside of their group. Many were skilled tradespeople sent by the investors to help build the new colony.
Though plenty of the passengers could have probably been defined on either side of this divide. The Mayflower took 66 days to cross the Atlantic — a horrible crossing afflicted by winter storms and long bouts of seasickness — so bad that most could barely stand up during the voyage. By October, they began encountering a number of Atlantic storms that made the voyage treacherous. It was so bad that the sails often could not be used, instead they simply drifted.
One Stranger was swept overboard and one woman, Elizabeth Hopkins, gave birth to a baby boy, aptly named Oceanus. They had received good reports on this region while in the Netherlands. The Mayflower was almost right on target, missing the Hudson River by just a few degrees.
The Pilgrims decided to head south, to the mouth of the Hudson River in New York, where they intended to make their plantation. But the rough seas nearly shipwrecked the Mayflower and instead they decided to stay and explore Cape Cod rather than risk another journey south.
They anchored in what is now Provincetown Harbor. Shortly after, Susannah White gave birth to a son aboard the Mayflower, the first English child born in the colony. The colonists knew they had no right to settle in this land they had unintentionally arrived upon and decided to draw up a document that gave them some attempt at legal standing.
So upon arrival the settlers drew up the Mayflower Compact. Signed by 41 men on board, the compact was an agreement to cooperate for the general good of the colony.
They would deal with issues by voting, establish constitutional law and rule by the majority. In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are underwritten, the loyal subjects of our dread Sovereigne Lord, King James, by the grace of God, of Great Britaine, France and Ireland king, defender of the faith, etc.
In witness whereof we have hereunder subscribed our names at Cape-Codd the Anno Dom. The Pilgrims would spend the next month and a half exploring Cape Cod, while most stayed on board the ship, trying to decide where they would build their plantation.
Watching on were a small group of Native Americans, people for whom this area was already home. The new arrivals tried to follow them but got lost and stuck among some dense thickets.
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