Efficacy of the star excursion balance tests in detecting reach deficits in subjects with chronic ankle instability. J AthlTrain. On each day, the test was preceded by a familiarization and then performed three times, with an average of centimetres being recorded for each of the eight directions. The athletes performed the test with their hands at the waist, kept the support foot completely on the ground during the execution Figure 1 and, between each of the three performances, had a rest time of approximately one and a half minutes or equivalent time to what the athlete indicated necessary to retake the test without losing the fatigue.
F8 is an agility test involving unipedal jumps combined with abrupt changes of direction 17 The ability of 4 single-limb hopping tests to detect functional performance deficits in individuals. For the test, a course of two cones separated by five meters with another cone marking the half of the route in a straight line Figure 2 was positioned. On each day, the test was preceded by a familiarization and performed three times with one minute of rest between each one, as in the study by Caffrey et al 22 The shortest time between the three trials was chosen for the statistical analysis, as in the study of Dochertyet al.
On the days involving performance evaluation in situations of rigid or elastic tape, athletes responded the Modified Schechter Scale for Comfort Level Assessment after the tests in order to verify comfort regarding the tapes.
The results are scaled from zero to ten; zero being no comfort and ten being the sensation of maximum comfort 23 Effect of kinesiotaping, non-elastic taping and bracing onsegmental foot kinematics during drop landing in healthysubjects and subjects with chronic ankle instability. Physiotherapy ; 3 With the ankle in neutral position, the midpoint of a tape was applied to the plantar region of the hind foot so that two halves were left, one medial and one lateral to the ankle.
The lateral half was applied in the same way, however, towards the lateral region of the leg, ending at the same height of the medial part of the tape Figure 3. A second tape was also applied from its midpoint, located between the hind foot and mid foot. The other part of the tape, the lateral one, was applied with the same tension, however, in an upper and medial direction, crossing the first half in the anterior region of the joint and reaching the distal posterior medial portion of the leg Figure 3.
The application was based on the studies of Kuni et al. The elastic tape had its ends rounded before application. The study collection stages were performed by two different evaluators: one trained for the placement of the tapes and the other a blind evaluator.
Quantitative variables were described by mean and standard deviation and qualitative variables by absolute and relative frequencies. In the comparison of comfort between the situations with tape, the t-student test for paired samples was used. Twenty-two athletes from basketball teams met the inclusion criteria of the study, however, there was a sample loss of one athlete due to injury, therefore, twenty-one athletes 7 women and 14 men, mean age of Of these, 13 had a sprain in the last year and 16 claim to use ankle protection during sports, of which only five always use it.
The most commonly used protections are elastic ankle braces with and without metallic stabilizers 13 athletes , but most of the athletes 15 had already used rigid tape.
No athlete was sensitive to the material of the tapes, nor interrupted the performance of the functional tests. Regarding the CAIT questionnaire, the mean scores were After performing the functional tests, it was verified that there was no significant difference between the three situations of the study in any of the eight directions of the SEBT. In the majority of these, the control situation without tape presented worse results lower averages and tape situations presented the best results highest averages.
This study aimed to verify the effects of rigid and elastic tapes on the functional performance and comfort level of basketball athletes with chronic ankle instability. Motriz ;13 4 These implements are indicated as a prophylactic measure, mainly for athletes who are frequently exposed to situations of jumping, lateral displacement and running.
Such practice is common in basketball due to the proprioceptive and mechanical benefits generated and its contribution to joint stability 7 7. Prophylatic ankle braces and star excursion balance measures in healthy volunteers. Despite the reduction in severity and incidence of sprains resulting from better joint stabilization by the use of external ankle support, the influence of these implements on the functional performance of the individuals is still not clear 26 Ankle stabilizers affect agility but not vertical jump or dynamic balance performance.
Foot Ankle Spec. The Bicici, Karatas and Baltaci 9 9. The authors, corroborating the findings of this study, found no significant difference for any direction of the SEBT in any of the situations tested, however, unlike this study; the authors did not find a trend of better or worse outcome in any situation. This can be explained by the difference between the tape application methods, especially the elastic kind, and by the mean of CAIT, which was In the Bicici, Karatas and Baltaci 9 9.
Although the SEBT did not provide significant results, the Single Limb Hurdle Test, which involves lateral and medial jumps against obstacles, showed a significant improvement in functional performance with both rigid and the elastic tape, with no difference between them 9 9. This result corroborates with the Figurehop findings of the present study, because, like the Single Limb Hurdle Test, F8 involves jumps and displacements in a performance against time 9 9.
According to Caffrey et al. According to the same author 22 This fact may explain why there was significance with the use of implements in F8 performance and not in SEBT performance in the present study.
Apply the last 2 inches with no stretch above the inner ankle bone. Apply the anchor with no stretch on the inside ankle bone.
With the other hand, pull the strip under the heel and up to the outside of the ankle with a moderate stretch. Apply the last 2 inches with no stretch above the outer ankle bone. Full Strip 3 Blue : Tear and remove the backing paper 2 inches from one end to create a starting anchor. Apply the anchor with no stretch on the outside of the heel next to Full Strip 2, directing the strip toward the back of the heel.
With a moderate stretch, wrap the strip around the back of heel toward the inside side of heel. Once on the inside of heel, wrap the strip back under the heel, across the bottom of the foot, and up to the outside of heel the side where this strip is anchored—it should form a sort of tear-drop shape. Apply the last 2 inches with no stretch above the outer ankle bone and behind Full Strip 2. Apply the anchor with no stretch below ankle at base of shin, directly in line with the point of pain.
Using one hand, guide and apply the strip up the shin, directly over the point of pain, with a light stretch. Simultaneously smooth strip over with other hand.
Half Strip 1 Purple : Tear and remove the backing paper 2 inches from one end to create a starting anchor. With no stretch, apply anchor on the outside of the leg, perpendicular to Full Strip 1 and just above the point of pain. Hold the anchor with one hand. With a moderate stretch, apply the middle of the strip across shin.
Half Strip 2 Pink : Tear and remove the backing paper 2 inches from end to create a starting anchor. With no stretch, apply anchor on the outside of the leg, perpendicular to Full Strip 1 and just below the point of pain. With a moderate stretch, apply the middle of the half strip across shin. Apply the anchor with no stretch on the ball of the foot. Hold anchor in place with one hand. With a moderate stretch, apply strip along bottom of foot to heel.
With no stretch, apply the remaining strip up the back of the heel. With the strip directed toward the bottom of the foot, apply the anchor with no stretch on the outside of the foot, just in front of the heel.
With a moderate stretch, apply strip across bottom of foot toward inside of ankle, directly over point of pain and just ahead of bottom of heel. Apply the last 2 inches with no stretch on the inside of the foot, above the inner ankle bone.
Half Strip 2 Pink : Tear and remove the backing paper 2 inches from one end to create a starting anchor. With strip directed toward the bottom of the foot, apply the anchor with no stretch on the outside of the foot, in front of Half Strip 1. With a moderate stretch, apply the strip across the bottom of the foot toward the inside of the ankle, directly over the point of pain and in front of Half Strip 1. Apply the last 2 inches with no stretch on top of the foot, just in front of Half Strip 1.
These 7 exercises can help ease your plantar fasciitis pain too. Reach arm across the body. With no stretch, apply the anchor just above outer elbow, directing the strip toward outer forearm and wrist. Claims such as improved joint position awareness proprioception with rigid tape and that elastic tape lifts the skin to assist lymphatic flow, which reduces pain and swelling are either unsubstantiated or have been proven inaccurate.
Taping has been shown to be an effective, addition tool in the rehabilitation of knee, ankle and foot injuries. Below is a list of injuries and rationale for taping for some common presentations:. Taping for kneecap pain reduction has been studied extensively and is a common method used to help patients to progress through their rehabilitation.
Both rigid McConnell taping and elastic tape have demonstrated reduction in knee pain Logan, and tailoring the rigid tape to control movements of the kneecap is important to maximise effect Barton, see image below. For this reason it is important to consult your practitioner for the appropriate technique for your injury.
Figure 4. Image Source: McConnell tailored patella taping Barton, Taping or bracing for ankle stability following an ankle ligament injury is effective in reducing load weight on the injured ligaments to enable faster progression through rehabilitation. Re-injury is common and studies indicate that you have an elevated risk of ankle injury for up to a year. Although rehabilitation is an important component of reducing your injury risk it has been suggested that taping when returning to sport significantly lowers your injury risk Janssen, Below is an excellent infographic outlining the utility of taping in ankle injury rehabilitation Janssen, Figure 5.
This added support can help prevent sprains, breaks, or other injuries that may occur from exercise and competitive sports. Athletes also use less restrictive tape to help prevent injuries.
Elastic therapeutic tape is one of the most popular types of athletic tape. Its popularity skyrocketed after the Beijing Olympics when most of the athletes were seen wearing the colorful material on their skin while competing. What makes this athletic tape important is that it is used during exercise preparation in an effort to slightly lift the skin, leaving enough room between the skin and muscles to increase blood flow and lymphatic drainage. Essentially, the increased flow can help prevent muscle cramps, spasms, and other common athletic injuries.
Athletic tape is also unique in that it does not restrict the range of motion, allowing athletes to maintain their flexibility and comfort while exercising or competing.
In fact, this athletic tape has been known to increase the range of motion for athletes since it reduces inflammation. Though useful, elastic therapeutic tape should always be applied by a certified athletic training professional to prevent injury and increase effectiveness.
Though athletic tape can help prevent injuries caused by exercise, injuries can, unfortunately, still occur.
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