Columns of super-heated ash reached upwards of 20 miles high while pyroclastic ash flows would have raced down the slopes at speeds up to mph. Eventually the chamber collapsed into a giant "cauldron shaped" crater approximately 12 miles in diameter. This would have been a very bad day for anything living for miles in every direction of the eruption.
Skip to main content. The North American Plate is moving west over a stationary hot spot. As the plate moves, the hotspot produces an enormous eruption and a large caldera every few million years. This has produced regional basaltic lavas and a chain of rhyolitic caldera groups circles, with ages in millions of years along the track of the Yellowstone hot spot.
Image by USGS. Yellowstone National Park is world-famous for its geysers and hot springs. Those thermal features are easy-to-observe evidence of an active magma system beneath the Park. This magma system has produced some of the largest volcanic eruptions in Earth's history - eruptions so large that they have been called " supervolcanoes. It is now the world's largest volcanic lake.
About 73, years ago, the eruption of Toba on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia produced what is believed to be the largest explosive eruption on Earth in at least the past 25 million years. The Toba blast is believed to have deforested much of central India - about miles from the eruption site.
The blast is thought to have ejected about cubic kilometers of ash into the atmosphere, producing a crater that is kilometers long and 35 kilometers wide. The crater is now the site of the world's largest volcanic lake. Volcanic Explosivity is a method of comparing the size of explosive volcanic eruptions by estimating the volume of material ejected. Calderas on Other Planets: Complex caldera at the summit of Olympus Mons Volcano - a shield volcano that is the tallest feature on Mars.
This caldera is very similar to the caldera complex at the summit of Earth's largest shield volcano - Mauna Loa Volcano on the island of Hawaii. Image by NASA. The caldera is 3 x 5 km across, m deep, and is estimated to have collapsed between years ago. Several pit craters along the upper southwest rift zone of Mauna Loa lower right also formed by collapse of the ground.
Aniakchak Caldera in Alaska: Aniakchak Caldera, located in the Aleutian Range of Alaska, formed during an enormous explosive eruption that expelled more than 50 km 3 of magma about 3, years ago. The caldera is 10 kilometers in diameter and , meters deep. Subsequent eruptions formed domes, cinder cones , and explosion pits on the caldera floor. Over time, the refilling of the magma chamber pushes up the caldera floor. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit.
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The event, which triggered The model quantifies the The study has implications for how the world might be better protected against future volcano Techniques applied to photographs -- photogrammetry -- show promise and utility in And researchers It Depends on Where You Live.
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