Why do original cataloging

Transcribe the first named place, publisher, and date even if they pre-date the era of online resources. All online resources are considered published. Consequently, if no place of publication appears, enter [Place of publication not identified]. If no publisher appears, enter [publisher not identified]. If no date of publication appears, enter [date of publication not identified]. Generally, enter other details appropriate to the original resource if the online version was preceded by a physical format version.

However, do not include elements applicable only to the physical format version such as dimensions. Do not include digital or an indication of file type. If the first issue is not available online and the online version was preceded by a corresponding print version, enter 1 Print version began with If considered useful, include the file format of the resource viewed e.

Prefer URLs that lead to the resource title page, metadata, etc. When creating or upgrading records for online resources, do not include: Providers as name access points Providers as publishers, distributors, or manufacturers Provider-specific edition statements Provider-specific places of publication, distribution, etc. Provider-specific dates of publication, distribution, etc. Digital Library Federation, December OCLC policy Use the following provider-neutral instructions when cataloging photocopies and POD reproductions of textual materials, scores, and cartographic materials in WorldCat regardless of the cataloging rules used or the language of cataloging.

Guidelines If there is an existing record for a photocopy or POD reproduction that is cataloged in accord with these provider-neutral instructions, use that existing record for a new photocopy or POD reproduction of the same resource.

Use one record for all photocopies and POD reproductions of the same original resource regardless of: Differences in places of reproduction Differences in reproduction providers or publishers Differences in dates of reproduction Differences in extent resulting from the reproduction e. Differences in size resulting from the reproduction e. Do not use "in" analytic cataloging conventions for: detached copies offprints single issues of a serial single volumes of a multi-volume set a collection within a collection e.

Guidelines Use field for information about the host item. Use the following guidelines: Element Guidelines for "in" analytics BLvl Code for the mode of issuance of the component e. Otherwise, code Ctry as xx for unknown. Guidelines Separate bibliographic records may be created for offprints or detached copies. Use the following guidelines for cataloging offprints and detached copies: Use RDA 3.

Begin the note with the caption Offprint or Detached from as appropriate. Use the authorized access point of the source item in field If appropriate, use the chronological designation enclosed in parentheses. If the item is detached from another monograph, consult RDA Access points may be made for the larger work RDA In addition to field , consider also including field Examples 1 Smiraglia, Richard P.

Smiraglia and Arsen R. Volume 38, no. Volume 20, no. Cataloging supplementary items and accompanying material independently Cataloging independently refers to cataloging separate records for the supplementary or accompanying material. Relate any separate bibliographic record for supplements to the record for the main work via the appropriate authorized access point or linking field or both. Example of a multipart resource cataloged as a set: 1 Vollmann, William T.

If the resource is essentially the equivalent of a print item but in electronic form, use the same Type code you would use for the print version. Use code m only for the following general classes of digital resources: Computer-oriented multimedia Computer software including programs, games, fonts, etc.

Numeric data Online systems or services For these classes of digital resources, if there is a significant aspect that causes it to fall into another Type category, code for that significant aspect. For instance, vector data that is cartographic is not coded as numeric but as cartographic. In case of doubt or if the most significant aspect cannot be determined, consider the resource to be a computer file.

Form Code Form for the electronic aspects of the item, using either code o for online resources or code q for tangible electronic resources, such as CD-ROMs.

Be sure that the Form value in field and the Form value in any field agree with each other. Use codes o or q to differentiate online and direct electronic resources, rather than code s. If the primary purpose of the resource is, for instance, to convey textual data or bibliographic data, the resource remains textual or bibliographic and is coded as such, d or e , respectively.

The presence of search software does not alter the basic intent of a resource and does not mean that the resource should be coded as software. If the resource consists of numeric data that can be manipulated, for instance a database of numeric data, use File code a for Numeric Data.

If the resource consists of numeric data in tabular form equivalent to a print document that cannot be manipulated, use File code d for Document. For tangible electronic resources, enter the carrier type for the tangible electronic resource e.

Correct coding of field 2nd Indicator is important for indexing and record matching. Be sure to use code 0 when the record represents the online resource, use 1 when the record represents a tangible electronic version of the resource linked in field , or use 2 when field links to a resource related to that represented by the record. For more information, see field Access points When changes or differences in title or responsibility occur between different manifestations of a resource, provide additional access points as appropriate if considered important for identification, selection, or access Separate records vs.

Electronic discussion groups e. Guidelines Use the following guidelines when coding integrating resources: Element Guidelines for all integrating resources Type Code for the content and type of material e.

Types of audio and video recordings There are generally three types of locally made recordings. Type of recording Examples Locally produced recordings Class projects, local historical events, theses and dissertations, university lectures in audio or video form Locally reproduced recordings Copies of motion pictures, other videorecordings, or other audiovisual media made with permission of the producer or distributor Off-air recordings Licensed copies of broadcasts or satellite transmissions Locally produced recordings Locally produced recordings may exist as either unique copies or as a small number of copies for limited distribution.

Use the date of the original in Date 2 in Dates. Transcribe the title and statement of responsibility information from the original in field For tangible audio or video reproductions, including audio discs and videodiscs, enter the physical description in field For remotely accessed audio or video reproductions, including streaming audio and streaming video, follow RDA 3. Apply RDA 3.

Enter the content type in field , media type in field , and carrier type in field appropriate to the resource Enter necessary notes related to the intellectual content, cast, and credits Enter a note indicating the original format e.

If you create a new record, use the following guidelines: Code the fixed field and field for the copy Transcribe the title and statement of responsibility information in field from the title and credits of the existing record Enter only the year of the recording in field or field subfield Enter data in field that reflects the copy Enter a note indicating that the copy was made under license and a note for the name of the station that broadcast the program If a record exists for an off-air copy in the same physical format e.

Additional information If the copy is retained by your institution, making an unlicensed copy of a broadcast may be an infringement of copyright law. Guidelines Code microform reproduction fixed-field elements, except Form , for the original item described in the body of the entry, not for the reproduction, which you describe in field Code the fixed-field element Form for the type of reproduction described in field Element Guidelines for reproduction microform publications Type Code for the original resource BLvl Use the BLvl code appropriate to the original resource Form Code for the appropriate form of microform reproduction i.

Code for preservation masters that describe service copies if the institution creating the bibliographic record was also responsible for the filming. In these cases, you may input multiple fields. The first field should describe the version that is described in the physical description.

Use additional fields to describe any first generation masters or printing masters. Do not enter an ISBN assigned to the original resource in field Do not enter the size if it cannot be determined. Begin the note with the appropriate term "Microfilm," "Microfiche," or "Microopaque". Enter the field after field Government Publication Office cataloging practice The U. Original microform publications Original microform publications, also called micropublications, are first issued in microform, rather than being reproduced from an existing resource.

Guidelines Theses submitted in hardcopy form as unpublished resources are described like all other unpublished resources, i. The following types of resources are not theses and should not be coded as theses: Honors papers, research projects, senior papers, student projects, term papers, etc. In such cases, add a note concerning the nature of the resource e. Formal republications of published or unpublished theses, whether by the degree-granting institution or a commercial publisher.

In such cases, add a note concerning the bibliographic history of the resource e. Use the following guidelines: Prefer the use of separate subfields to record the degree, the institution or faculty, and the year e. Use field to record that data if needed e. Do not include the name of academic department that did not grant the degree.

Academic degrees are normally granted by parent institutions. Do not include the month or month and day when recording the year the degree was granted. When applying Library of Congress Subject Headings, note that no "thesis" form subdivision is available for use. Note: The subject heading Dissertations, Academic applies only to collections of theses rather than individual theses.

Access points for associated academic departments may be added without the relationship term for the degree-granting institution e. Local bibliographic data and local holdings records When you choose to include local information such as subject headings, uniform titles, or notes to supplement the full bibliographic data in the WorldCat database, OCLC recommends using LBDs. Fields retained in WorldCat records For rare and special collections materials, you may supply local data of interest beyond your institution in the WorldCat record.

In this case, the WorldCat record does retain these modifications. If a record exists in your language of cataloging for the item you want to catalog, you may modify the record for local use and update the record to add your OCLC symbol to the holdings information.

If you retrieve a record that has information in common with the item you want to catalog, you may use that record as the basis for the new record. For example, use the record from a previous edition as the basis for a new record for a new edition, or use the print record as the basis for a new electronic record. When you derive the new record, the system transfers selected fields from the existing record to the new one. Each of the eight formats has a specific workform. If you do not find an existing or a similar record, you may use a workform to input a record.

When entering bibliographic information in MARC records, apply the most current version of your chosen cataloging guidelines. The following is a partial bibliography of the various tools and resources available for consultation. Many of these resources are included in the Cataloger's Desktop , a subscription service available from the Library of Congress.

Others may be accessed free of charge. Contents About this guide 1 Introduction 2 Online cataloging 3 Special cataloging guidelines 4 When to input a new record 5 Quality assurance. Chapter contents 1. The MARC record consists of three parts: Leader: Data elements that contain coded values based on their position, which define the processing of the record. It is fixed in length 24 positions and is found at the beginning of the record.

Directory: Contains the tag, starting location, and length of each field within the record. Directory entries for variable control fields appear first, in ascending tag order. Entries for variable data fields follow, arranged in ascending order according to the first character of the tag. Each directory entry is 12 characters long.

Variable fields: The data content is divided into variable control fields no indicators and variable data fields. Inclusion of all other fields is dependent on the item being cataloged. They are identified by the following information: Tag: a 3-digit numeric value coded through Indicators: 2 positions, coded with blank or 0 through 9 as possible values Subfields: A textual element identified by a delimiter and a lowercase alphabetic or numeric code These parts identify how data is indexed and displayed in WorldCat.

Tags MARC tags identify variable fields and are grouped numerically by function. In the following list, xx stands for a numeric value between 00 and 99 : Tag Group Function 0xx Bibliographic control numbers and coded information 1xx Authorized access points 2xx Titles, edition, and publication information, etc. Variable field indicators may have: A number in both positions A number in one position and a blank in the other Two blanks Subfields Subfields are the smallest logical unit of information in a variable field.

OCLC input standards are defined according to two levels of completeness: Level Information Full Full-level cataloging containing sufficient cataloging information to allow the records to be readily used by various institutions worldwide Minimal Minimal-level cataloging containing only essential cataloging information although additional data may be provided Input standards for indicators and subfields are in effect only when the field itself is used.

Input standards table A table identifies full-level and minimal-level input standards at the beginning of the fixed-field elements section and at the beginning of each variable field description. They also appear in an abbreviated form in the table at the beginning of the fixed-field elements section: Designation Information Mandatory Data you must enter to meet the designated standard Optional Data you decide whether to enter under the designated standard Required if applicable Data you must enter to meet the designated standard if it is appropriate for the item being cataloged and if the bibliographic information is available System supplied System-generated data that you cannot change The following characters appear in the Input standards tables: Character Information Blank , distinguished from a fill character and used when a blank is significant Fill character , distinguished from a blank The following is a schematic of the input standards table at the beginning of each variable field description.

A repeatable field may occur more than once in a record. A repeatable subfield may occur more than once in a field. Fields or subfields are nonrepeatable for a variety of reasons: The data element may occur no more than once for a given item. SML procedure. The first volume received for a classed separately multipart received on series standing order must be processed by a catalog librarian. The volume should be flagged, prioritized, and identified as sso by the Acquisitions Department.

In the following example, if the copy cataloger has in hand The great Gatsby in the Cambridge edition of the works of F. Scott Fitzgerald series,. The objective is to make sure that a catalog librarian has updated the series standing order receipt record to match the form used on the SAR.

The procedure is not necessary if the multipart is not being received on standing order. And then I entered the realm of the geek. One of my internships, working in a departmental library on campus, gave me a crash course in catalogs and cataloging when we moved our homegrown database of book and serial records from a citation management software into a real-live integrated library system. It was a long and arduous project that confirmed my earlier feelings about cataloging as a career prospect.

That is, until I saw the results. When adding items to the collection, we no longer had to hand-key descriptions into a local database. Now we could simply import records from the Library of Congress. Adding items to the collection now took minutes instead of hours. Furthermore, the records for items in the collection were now standardized and accessible in an Online Public Access Catalog.

Patrons could browse our collection online rather than coming into the library to access our database. Our small, departmental library had been given new, powerful tools that directly benefited users and demonstrated the value of the library to the department, and it was all thanks to affordances granted by cataloging. This experience made it clear to me that I had missed the forest for the trees when it came to cataloging. Being turned off by the technical learning curve, I had completely taken for granted the power of the catalog record that, when aggregated together into a catalog, makes a collection truly usable.

New librarians today may be dissuaded from careers in cataloging for reasons that go beyond the technical requirements and specialized skill set that initially turned me off. In just the last three years since I caught the cataloging bug, the ground under the feet of cataloging has shifted significantly.

Predictions of the marginalization of traditional cataloging roles and the death of the catalog that had been seen in the library literature from the late 90s onward recently culminated in strong calls for change.

The recommendations in these reports, ranging from the abandonment of LCSH to the abandonment of further development in the forthcoming new set of cataloging rules, Resource Description and Access RDA , are based largely on a concern that cataloging costs too much, or it is expending too many resources on work that does not have a great enough benefit Calhoun 18; Library of Congress Working Group on the Future of Bibliographic Control Libraries are doing too much redundant work to describe commonly held materials and are entering more information per item than is necessary or useful to provide access.

The demonstrable fact that users are much more likely to use Google over the library catalog has put traditional cataloging on the defensive with regard to its role and cost-effectiveness, despite superior relevance and authoritativeness of material in library catalogs. Admittedly, these conversations and the ensuing debate on the abandonment, simplification, and automation of certain cataloging processes made me think twice about the decision I had just made to become a cataloger.

So it is understandable if many new librarians or library school students feel the same way. The budget crisis has not made things any better, with cataloging and technical services generally being areas looked to for financial trimming, in part because of reports like those mentioned above. However, any fallout from the death of cataloging has yet to reach my doorstep, despite my anxious watchfulness. A subsequent literature study has shown that the predictions that preceded and precipitated the Calhoun and LC Working Group reports were overblown, or at least what was predicted as a revolution may be more akin to a technological change in cataloging processes, with catalogers still having a crucial role Ivey The call for economizing has manifested in my workplace in several significant ways, such as a controversial move from OCLC to SkyRiver as our bibliographic utility, covered in the blogosphere and library press , here , and here.

Yet changes like these have not changed the fact that there is still plenty of cataloging work for me to do and demand for me to do it. In fact, in these same reports from Calhoun and the LC Working Group, there are also recommendations for what to do with the cataloging expertise that libraries have cultivated over the years, and one of them is to enhance access to rare, unique, and other special hidden materials Library of Congress Working Group on the Future of Bibliographic Control This charge, more than any other, represents the main change that I have experienced so far in my short time as a professional serials cataloger: a move from cataloging and maintaining records for mainstream and commonly-held materials to cataloging the special, unusual, and often controversial materials that make up our library's hidden collections.

Much of my first year at Michigan State was spent managing the changing nature of our conventional serial collection, mostly received on a subscription basis.