The divine actions are positioned as reactions to human action itself unmotivated by the divine. So if Odysseus had not angered Poseidon then they would not end up on Thrinakia where his companions would not have the option to anger Helios by eating his sacred cows.
They are always blaming the gods and saying that evil comes from us when they themselves suffer pain beyond their lot because of their own recklessness. Original translations of famous words from Ancient Greece and Rome View all posts by sententiaeantiquae.
Like this: Like Loading The situation is further complicated because Zeus is the protector of wayfaring strangers and suppliants. As the introduction to Fagles and Knox puts it p.
Echoing the prophecy of Alcinous' father, which the son, now King of Phaeacia, mentioned 8. Then he'll "pile a huge mountain" Adding a touch of sculpture to the plan, Zeus suggests turning the ship to stone within sight of shore and then building the mountain around the harbor. There are two possible loopholes for the Phaeacians. The first is that Poseidon can always change his mind. When Alcinous first told of the prophecy, he mentioned that the sea god could follow through with the vengeance or leave it undone, "whatever warms his heart" 8.
As soon as Poseidon turns the ship to stone, the Phaeacians do decide to appease him before he closes their port forever. Alcinous quickly promises to stop the trips home for castaways and calls for the sacrifice of a dozen of the finest bulls in hopes of appeasing Poseidon. The other hope for the Phaeacians is textual and was first advocated by the ancient editor Aristophanes of Byzantium. He pointed out that a slight alteration in the Greek changing three letters has Zeus telling Poseidon to turn the ship to stone but not to close the harbor.
This interpretation seems more consistent with the rest of the epic and with the reputation of Zeus. Unfortunately, we never find out what happens. Homer leaves the Phaeacians' fate to our imaginations. Now in Ithaca, Odysseus needs protection. When Odysseus arrives at the palace the next day, still disguised as a beggar, he endures abuse and insults from the suitors.
The only person who recognizes him is his old nurse, Eurycleia, but she swears not to disclose his secret. Penelope takes an interest in this strange beggar, suspecting that he might be her long-lost husband.
At the contest, each suitor tries to string the bow and fails. Odysseus steps up to the bow and, with little effort, fires an arrow through all twelve axes. He then turns the bow on the suitors. He and Telemachus, assisted by a few faithful servants, kill every last suitor.
Odysseus reveals himself to the entire palace and reunites with his loving Penelope. He travels to the outskirts of Ithaca to see his aging father, Laertes. Zeus dispatches Athena to restore peace. Ace your assignments with our guide to The Odyssey!
SparkTeach Teacher's Handbook. Why does Telemachus go to Pylos and Sparta? How does Odysseus escape Polyphemus?
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